lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
gbL `'`[_ e _Nw0R_'Yv\O(u0 e6q0
NY0z
O& & N w
bNSLR0OO S`O]~gN]~YNgyLRr`
N{/f ``
aB\b /fSOR\OB\b N HNvQ~cyLRr`1\OS_^8^
[f0ke `O` b _ N ^g[e^ T0HN+RHN U b
NQ蕄veP `
N`S _ N[PWPW `O_7h U e6qbNQ
N
NYSb N N _ N0`O wbT
0w TbS b _ N v
`lhweg gYeO@b z4lc 0 4l0R nb Ydk ]
V{eu'Yvp
)\ bV 7hSNMQRvm `qQ0 bYO0W\ NN asT@w
[eSN_p?QZPQ[ v^NNT_N
N'YOS
Y `]/f&TZPNcknxv
Q[0
[LRv gT gP0*bbke gP6RNbNv1u _gNNirv:gO
_\ v^N:gOckeg\ RwNbN[勋NirfRpRv gg0
M|dk:_'YRR bN\SzsSvLR0
Q N\ekveP bN1\O Taf'YvBlN[Bl N'` v a0
(u`Ov N NL gbL gg SR0
:NXR `'`[_ v~He `O_b ]N {S:NeOfLvek
7h[eMbO c`O ggvcknxeT _R 0
7 2
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
cO\vY)Rv NOO[eSzsSvLR0cOY)Rv \:N`O
begfYvT\O:gO0
N[O
NO.^`Ov_ b r^)u _NP[T`O NSr^ wNN[
`OU"k0ONv z^NOO Mb/f g g4YSv_tR0@bN :NN
[U,gv_tV{eu `O_OmbN(W,{ NzN~vb]0
,{ASVN[~`O^
`O g*N_}Yv;Na S1\/flN,T U+Y N u g1YaNNdk
U +Rll(uN Nb:N`O yr6R v_tV{eu vOk*NNO[`O ,T
N vN[:NNHN~`Ov bT ;NS` a0V{eu0Tg Ne
bV }vq_T0@bN .s.sV{ e `O_7h
1 . RKNN ` a
_YxvznZi0WfTgN e `O_RKNN`/fl g$Uw
[ev` a
N{`Ov.sv*NV{YTNNSt0YTNN; /f}v-d0V
:N`O_q_TN0
bNvQ[ g~vRKN]NAS/fN` a:NW@xZPQv06qT bNMb(u;
RNf fbNvL:NY gSt0@bN YgS(u%N
HN
g[evS'`QNN:N0w `O_ N[ bcE^bT[ b[N
ы bN` a:NWv 0(unZiwQSOv}YY bNv`~Rweg
7 3
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
2 . SfKNN V{eu
fLRvwQSO z Heg\fsO0p`qObNSLR qObN_MR0
e NLRveTNel >f_^8^_0YgbNwSLReHh]~
YS_ YgbNnZi0W w0RLRvwQSO z^ HN bN1\O_[hQ0
0@bN Yg`O ^gN[~`Ov HN +Rc*NN Wm vvv
0W1\[NN `O_~N _0WVN;`_wS`7hMbS?Q'T
3 . KNN xy
L e v e n t h a l , S i n g e r , a n d J o n e s 1 9 6 5 vxvzbJTcQ /f[ `7h
MQmg0
N_vTg Qc NN^v
g[evS'`\f'Y0 g N
[w
Tvi_8RlQS S8^8^O(u7hvh `OSOb:N'YVY_
;N _ Nke Heg_N:c}Y0
NTeg b` N[/fTN
_tf[[vaKNT NNbh9eb `Ob]~/f'YVY_;N
N 0V lQSv%N
PXNHNSVbT V:Ns(W S_NN6e0R*N
O\veP 1\ _Y[` V:NNN_SO1YS ]~ b gv N*N
@bf:yvQ[>f6q
N T0evSSS/ff:y`O\b_gNe N s(W
SevbT Rf:yN`OckQ@w1YSgirvqSi0ONN uf:_vR:g0
@bN .s.sV{e +R N*NR0W'Y ,TN`OKNT NSO_NHNN
7 4
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
HN `O_b&qp-N0R N\VdkS0ROb
NQO$O_0$O^y0$O
"& &
Nbeg
4 . SYV*NQv_tV{eu
. NvO ;Na/fNQv
YgNNvO LReHhQNN] NN__O[Q[N ufRn
avS^0@bN =\c[e *N;Na/fNHQ`QegvSNNv_
`OMbekeQckh0
. NwS e;Na/fN N/v`l
NwS ev `e_NN*NN wv_ NcN NS_MRvO
_0L:NNNMRZPvN_&{T0_T MRbvz bNfc0R N
N gvz !k^ N N'` vHQ)Y Bl0@bNYgNbyev `e
_ S_bN N/v`l $Nv^eyKNY HN N N vS'`_NO
X'Y0
. Nf}v `O_N
N/f ~vyhQfN
lN,T N*N ~vyhQfN v^0@bN .s v gsOelKN N 1\
/f[ef}v `Ov^
N:N]c ghQ萄vT{Hh07h NOO_`Of
s`0f
pe&O!kvw gNNb` U bwS v^N [ CT NN b
Sf_& &
. N aS`Ovp_
7 5
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
g gv Np 1\/f+R_Np_O Og
.s e /f`O_
&^R0`~m N[`Ov_N1\O atQ0 cdkV{euLN SQ
[e~`Ov 0
I{I{ 8nKNMR Qeg w wNN .s e@brv N*N g'Yv0N{|
L:Nebvxvz>f:y S_bN_1uS0RP6RveP bN__O fTN
q\L fSZPN
NZPvN0uTuT _NN{|v)Y'` :Ndk gbb
v`l #0
勰sa g*Nf[
T S S r e a c t a n c e Qs(WbN_]v1u
S0RP6RveP0 S vR*Y'YN0R h o d e w a l t D a v i s o n ( 1 9 8 3 ) xvzS
s ckV:N S NNSO`O1US`OSN g N NOP g0
(WSN u S v`Q N Yg`O NsT0W :_pN:_VS SO_
vQS m0Rf'Yvb~0/fv bwS`O_N V:N`O \Q.U FO
v^
NasT@w[e1\_,T`OJU/fNN_]S0R:_ NN1\
NO^e _
_Ib,T`OvNN/fJU /fbcN`O _]v?ag
NS `O
O,T`O+RNvNHN V{ T Vdk g}YvRl/f NHQ1\[ewS
g~ZPNHN N g~[vS Cg06qTQJd _N[bckS$NbFd(WNbMR
bNO(W+Rvz N~HNZPv_'`0 v^MTO(u,gvvQNV{
eu0
V{eu'Yvp
7 6
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
bNvQ[ g~vRKN]NAS/fN` a:NW@xZPQv06qT bNMb(u;
RNf fbNvL:NY gSt0@bN `
ggN `O_RKNN
`0
cQwQSOV{eu nZifLRvwQSO z0
cO `7hMQmg0
N_vTg v^0kT[e ,TN`Ov
^ \_NHN f:N gHe0
Ygnx gvQN HNcN Ngy^ /fNHQ`QN*N;Na0
NwS ev `e_NN*NN wv_ NcN NS_MRvO
_0L:NNNMRZPvN_&{T0
+RFdQ NE^ ~vyhQfN 0NHNwSv4V8Yg`O`N_`Of
s`0f
OO p_O ag/f`O]
NpwN]v`l +RN_N
NO[[
atQv0
,{ASNN[e\L
S/f`OT{^& &
U
N+RQSN `O a0RSp+RSl
N(uNN NvV{eu -u{N/fUOe^y#W SNf[`O Nb 1\ N[
N[yb
N b c
7 7
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
NwS`OvON/f[OKNN/fN v g gHev_tV{
eu0`OSN(u{|
Np~bYu NNm;RvpSa [E
Nb Nv_U"k`O V:N`O& & 0
ju.^NhzN N*N vb b_a0N oSvQN u\L:NNb_a
S_ Q(W N'` v_t Bl0
NbjuvQ[(W $cQQ Nu[ 0V:N`O-N g`O0RNv
*N vb v^\vQN vL:N cNqONN uN$N
N b b_aOc N sSN*N]@b:Nv0+RN@b w0Rv b b_
av N0FO u;m-N NNtS8^7hv
bXbc@wr^ }Y
N}YN
fU b1\wSQ bewS`O
NOZPNNv b U w
NwSb`HNOcg`OyN 0^勗{/fNN8^rvS N*N g'Yv
N'TV:NN [(WNNee[
NOqO[ee\L 0NNOV:N
`ON7hv 1\SLRSs`O[Nv wlT
NOV:N`O__f
}vNN le\L vL:N:cy1
Na/fN N/v:NN0e6q b
b_alSNHNq_T S/fL:N gp0N1\[~b PS :N]vL:N
b OKNN b b_aOc N0 N 1\}YN NNMb
NO9eS]v
L:NbT
Sb*Nke Yg`O`NgV(Wc Negv$N*N f g .^`OYt NNeN0
HN1\+R(W NeUU
NO U\YUOJU 0 s(W}Y _YN
7 8
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
'T & & 0NSON:g[~b PS bSb X
N.^`Or^N0`O
7hN
NgVJU `OwSv `O.^bYtNeN b wv_ a
o0bwS `O
N/fyS(u4V].^_0IQ
Nr^vN T{^vN`O;`OS
ZPv v^Nv0Rr^[:Nbk0wST b1\iO
g`Op0 ju `ONg
VwS Nv b b_aS0Rg*Nyr[SVvq_T`OO`HN w_N*NN
bT N wO
NO.^`O YteN b b_aNL:N $NSbN
N9h~P[
Nv '}'}b(WN Nw0s(Wbbenx[NgV_\zN`Ovc
:y ~~[b`O~N>mv;m?Q0V:NHNZP N(W`O_v-Nvb_a Mb
NOS
0R_c[0
NbvNN_ _S b*Y_ b b
N`ZP KN{|v
0V:N /fNy NgVv b b_a
N/fm0R`Ov `uNT
QN 1\{/fN] _N[*N b b_aSbSN0{USp 1\/fN
_tQ w0R*N gbL0R^0
Nr^
N.^`OYteN N1\Ojb_ b{NHNNbT 0b`
P``'YYpeN
N ?aa _N
N Y HNr^'T
MRbv/fN b b_ac g*NHr,g 1\/fN b N
c0$NSN~TO(u0>N*NOP[ cNv b e `OSNR'YY
peN Tv NNyr( kYleN0S`0)ne\I{I{ [e a0R
e\Lb1\/f(W[N@b TvN
``HNO gN
Na S` bT 0VNVNvT SvZRS/f
N\
JU`ObNKb4Yv;mNN@b wvN
7 9
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
eN
NQ/f Nih\N [bN[IN `ONOS
v'YNNgV/f-N
Nr^v
NUSQ`|``OvΘi `ONOvsQ|_NS_NOVdk N{R
w :NNN [b`O>mv;m?Q `OSNbQ S`
(u[@bwQYvR
NbNONN u_tSR ~~r^ NS0
N Yg`+RNZWc
0R^ N gju
N Y `O_(WR _YN.^_veP 1\Sb}YW@x0 N
p_sQ.0 NbbNHQ w N NvsQxvz0A n g e l a L i p s i t z ( 1 9 8 9 ) I{NxvzbJTc
Q (Wc[ee\L v5u~_gMR QS1V NS 1\cg`ON0ReP
}YT v^(W[TI{_[eV^07hZP O[evQ-^sN~vRKN
mQASNc0R~vRKNkQAS N0w USUS NS 1\OQ-^scNя~vRKNN
AS0@bN R _YN.^_veP `OR_ N[eLS4Ynx0dk>Nb
gR'`0WcN Q(W N'` 4ls^ XRN[e v{0
cd{^opGr
OO ?avL:Nf gSZWc0R^0Yg`O
N{[e/f&T?aa lxb;m
S(WN4Y
N HN`O1\Q Q(WckS_S vΘiN0NHNa `bT 1\/fN
SO` /fb
Nb;mr^[ N1\O'YS0bbT RO a0RQu
Sp`Z_N
N[0 HN`l_Tt ON_]^ZP NS0FO
/f (WNQ_Qz_NSv Te [bNRvp__NKNm1Yk=\N0vQ
[ gp{|
Nv ckSR sS N*NNY(WvR:gO1_SvQQ(Wv
R:g0S_ N*NN g*YEQRvYt1uZP NNNe vQQ(WvR:gSPOQ1_0
8 0
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
bcS Nl g)uKb
Nr^ /fV:NN
N_
N r^
N/fV:NN/fNHN
'YNir U"kZWc0R^0
N Yg`O_ Q(WckS_S S]~bN
pe `OSmHN NS bwS /f w`4N51v `OSe1\
~b*N PSnN0 OS Q(WckS_S v`l_eu
NN0
/fV:N ?aZPgNveP bN
N\P0W` [ b N[/f wv_`
ZPNN y`lMNON w1Y 0S_6q ZPNN gSY N*N
tW@x b/f*N}vu b`HN_N
NT{^v0 >f6q ,{ NyTtS
`l O'YYpeN(W|^y
N af
gN0bN~8^SN w0RNNZP NN~
[RU0u
N&{TNN'`
NN&^eg|^y
Nvn
ba@w gfYvb]bT(W`ON.^_v g R6k :NN:_SNN.^_
va?a u_ Nek l0
ke `OJT NMO gS `Ov5uQEeN0 gS=r_0WT{^ N=\
(W NhTmQNMReg.^`O0s(W egNNS/fS hsS}YbT
/f wv g_.^`O
N `OP/fnx[ Nv.^_0:NNre[NN `O_
(WNvQ_c
N NbNbSv}Ya Sbbr`vb0`OOSs
ugq NbcOvR[ gHev_t z^ `O1\ N*N!j|
Nnv}Ya Sb N
*NwQSOfnxvbfU
Nek l
1 . N.^_v
8 1
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
.^_v `O/f NVNNR/fS NVN0/fN].^`O
v_ HN*NbI{N/f
NN*NhQevS60@bN `O_NN.^_v
0(W*NOP[-N c Neg `OSN wvT 0 dkS_ w 0
7h `Ov gS_SOT{ /fJU f gmQ bS.^`O
`ONnx[.^_vwQSOeSekN'YiYer^[0*N
OP[-N `OSN[ gS *Y}YN `ONHNePeg 'YiYeO
}Y 0
3 . _S#N a
NwSV:NNeg.^_ @bN`O_O9eSR0 Np_0O
Nf}vNv.^_]~eQ`OvR b:NvQ-Nv NRNN0R
YgN6eVbv \O_eg N:WmqN0YgNvO_INv^
NO[`O b
NHNq_T HNNr^V N[.^`ObT Sck`OvYXS
NOkNT{^.^`Ove
Pf|/fJU N_SOHN`v0@bN *NOP[-N `O_ gSwS
:NNMTNePeg.^_ `OO9eNSegvR SmNvQNv~O0HN
O_SNv#N a N_ .^`Ov_ NsQ'Y
4 . $UwS_ow
`Ol~N7h N*Na ``O[hQcgNv.^_`O_Nf}vNv
RvR[`Oeg /fYHNvNc N N/fN
N.^`Ov_ `OSO
gv`
N_ywv N:W 0*NOP[-N `Ob4Nv %NTg b/f`O_
8 2
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
(u5uv NNbJT /f
NQeN?z `O1\weQ 4lmkpp KN-N b
g+Rvf`v N:W SckSw0R 悉 Heg $UwNvS_o
w1\L
5 . Y_Nb [
wckv?bN~~Na_V{eu@bwQYv:_'YZRNNU\:y?bK\veP
~[\?bP[`ab]v[0NN&^~[(W?bP[VYSveP O
7hv `O_ 5uFd(WT?QT 0 lSb0RNHN0We 0
NNV~[ w +RNv?bP[bN]v[0/fJU
w Y_Nb [ V:N _YN `OOOvO1\/f wv@T
w `O w 0RN ?bP[1\/f`OvrkNHN c'T w'T ?bN
~~N1\7hR(uNv:_'YZR*NOP[-N `OSN gS 0ReP
`OO`HNZPbT HQr^V HQg~T b
NHQ w N N5uKbQ `O
_N w ]ck(WZPNT{^vN NvO1\/f wv
cd{^opGr
NvOi{QegbT
8^8^ g
NT/g'Y^
H a r r y H o u d i n i 7hv0Nv_{US N 6R
Oi{/f:NN2bkNNNYbSb _ S
N/f2bkNNN{P[bQ
eg 0@bN Yg``ON~nx[gNvS`'` `O
NY(udk _
t[l 0
8 3
lcvP w
