h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
/fJU _tv'Y'}@w >mNuQb[ wS bYh%N
N ;`R__N gGbT'TbNSNNqveQS/f T (W
T?QbT T V{eu/f Ny{US0Hevb]0[e``OvON
gYs` eN@b(uvb]Y4Zq NeG0R`OQ
NNNTcQegv
N_NOcKb
NS eN^[v0
1\bMRbO5uvOP[eg TV{eu vsQ.S/f NHN`Q
N `OSlleg.^_ S_ g(u V:Ne gSvte*N `~-N
(W b:NNHN.^_
N/f b:NNHN
N.^
Nb0S `Ov gS8^8^
VT{ :NNHNZPT{^+RNvN 7hv0
N!k `ONnZif
nx0WVT{ NHNN SONll.^_ BlN_HQ g wv`.^ v
Sb{{US BlNzN NyhQevO_S ` .^_ NN0ck8^
`Q N Yg .^_ /fNv w[aV HN
NbFO/f YgN
N/f w
v`.^ N1\x0RpN0
@bN bQsQ.SKNT `O^S,T0R gS__0W lNHNN b
N~Q N*NTt0^Nc6RvyrkSV_Nb0/fv bNk*NNO g
@bOYu b Npv^
NO2xbNO[ vS hsNbN[v N
b0/f`OsN NHNNO`O>e_ft^6ZsYSvRbT NS
O{@wVT{ b
NwS& & Yg gNHNSS& & gNHNN
& & sN
v`^1\
NHN_nx[N0Yg`OS/f `OO TsY~ZZ /f'T s
N1\O~NfnxvT{
Y /fJU0 6qTQ~
N N{P{N1rsYvt1u0V
8 4
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
:N Nv gNsN*NJU @bNNSN{f0W\OQNNO
gvVT{0
S/f `ObPNP VQNNNvaeN NlQY}Y`HNVT{bT
@bN `O w N
N*Ynx[vVT{P/fS fNNv[
V{eu'Yvp
(WR _YN.^_veP =\O(uN6kek N0N.^_v
N0nx[wQSOe N0_S#N aV0$UwS_owN0JT`O
N``HN _U\
(WN~_gveP (u NS{USvN[eS_S4Ynx bN NhT
mQ ['T
(We\L v gTsQ4Y NwS`O_#kON V:NN/f*NZWc0R^0O
[ vNbJTN`O_tQ V:NNf}vS
#N0_I{I{
NUO gS_vyr( v wckN
,{ASmQ}VvN9e;Na
lNHNNOkd _ N'}v_ fNllN
N (uN NbWY|
Yv_tV{eu vO
N{G0RNHNN `OSNN[lQck0W,T`O0
N
NYdk V{euSNf`Os^S `O~ _[ebbv XW 0R9e
SvQpvvv0
b[`OveP N:NNHN'}_Ib S gVebvSV
8 5
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
1 .
N[k NNN
N 0ep/fNHN NO
N 0S/f
eNir SN_NN_S` S/fN
NU"kv NO
9eS
N}Y SbNNvS4Yy0
2 .
N T gN _N1\/f`O
g ~ N1\/f w`O
N=r0`OO
Qegv N~~
N,T0
3 .
R(WN
NS uv NNN N_])R(u0d~N0 Nv
$OSAm gl Nv$OSn@w@ 0s(W S/fOPyN N/`l
v
N{NHNNir NNNQm
N-dLu_N
NL N
NOcSv0
V:N N_`_] _]lRZPQ[ @bN~b*N[hQv0We
weg NMQQS+RNv]S0
4 .
N[gy`QS a01\/f Nv^
N/f[`O /fp,gN
N
g0pN_ N]
NQ/fN _N1\/f`OvpNN
vbi_sSN/f`HN w]v
N N0
Yg`Ob[vNckYN
N`Q `OOSs TNN~[/f}v9R
l0`ONs`OXT NXk`OfT0;(WdkxXe`ONHN0
ZPNHN /f_ReRv0S_6q Yg`OGkO?Q
NNUg bx4Vv
P[ P/fZP[N0
8 6
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
Yg`OvONNb~vSV
NYNNMRb Ny0HNc Neg `OSO(u
Nekl NNe0O]vO_0N
1\SNN0
$Nekl
u ,{ Nek:_S Q(W N'` Bl
Yexvz>f:y Yg(W[e.^_KNMR vQSh N*NN.^_Blv&{v
3uf Rf gSOKN9eS`^ T{^.^_0@bN `O_HQNSgy`l
bgy `e_ NbmNS,g@bcv_0
(uN*NlP[ -u{N/fNHN`^ `O {_^0W9eSvQ`lfUO
Y `O ^gg[te0W,T NV`Oveg`0_{US `OSm S`O`
]b:N N*N_up0Vek\vN 06qTI{O?QQc`Oveg`
e `OOSs g\ NS8^` [`Ov^hsQ _>eT\Ov`^0V:N
Neg TaN`OMRbvl sSN
N`]b:N_up0Vek\v
N HNN1\OS\oavqO hsQNvQ`lv NvL:N0
v:_p Bl0Yg N*NN`v/f NWY ZPvtS/fSY NWY HN +RN1\O
_N^y~-dN N AS Np 0bN]_N/fHN w]v0@bN Ne
bN(WlQ _hNHN` bN_NO wvN uNKNv&{v`^ v^q_T]NT
vL:N0 NbbN\ w0R `OSN9hnc[E`Q cQf g['`v N
:_S[ev Q(W N'` Bl0
8 7
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
u ,{Nek:NN
N`ZPvNNP
N
N/f
N`r^T ?V `OOPP6RNSr^NNkY `OSN(Wb
dkNvel NSNRbdkNvRebRpP6R0[ g 2kdEe~
SvQS LKN eg*N2k ~ Ee d :NNHN}V
NS01\/f
NMT
@wLR /fV:NNwS] gR ZP FON1\/f b
NZP0s(W `O
+c+cNvlN_] lR ZPNN0V wN`HN*j
ZP N
NZP ]1u
N_N /fN lR ZP V:Nl_ Mb ZP
Nb
v`b_ gN_'Yvl
N/f /fJU /f`O
N ZPNNN `Ob
NHNVgbJU [E
NHNZP S Nf`ZPNNN w0RN }w 1\
/f7h p4Y v}Yk `OJT N*N
NU"keLv}V>m T V:N`O
N y _*NW^`O8l lRl y _ 0ON N NP[_
1uS0RNP6R SNbavqO (WNv\oaQs N*NpRvX
y _ b 0S_ y _ v2kg`Snc_4YveP
w1Y N
uN0eNO` :NNHNb ^g] y _bT b N[/f`y
_0 w y _ v_4Yc5 egc Neg N_
@w (uNHNlP[bT MbZPbN] N[`ZP
vN
P6R SN(uNUOb__HTs0Ty gN8R:NNHN g N*N*bbk gP 'Y
)uVS :NNHNS(W N[ekQL g\O^ gT N)Y Peb
- & & bN8^8^SN,T0R7hv S/f:NNHNHNZPbT Yg b
v'Y8lTbN _>e bN1\
NO%`@wSLRN0/fJU gNHN}Y%`v
8 8
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
bT Scke Np Zf NplNHNsQ| bN;`R_SNccbb0
N Neg
NNirNP6R S1\
N TN0e
N{bNSHQ/f&T wv`_0R b
NO[[N ufRSmSvtQ e0RN6eJdN uT `O gl g:N
U\ OQY~_gvXbT zOc N N g Np_sQ.Yg[e\OQN
LRvQ[ HN`O@b[v*NP6RSMbL0
s(W bNc@w ,{ Nek c0RvOP[_ N0Sb*Nke `Og
cvg`/flQS^~~hQSOXT]N NhTN(WlQV>NR N!kΑ;mR0`O
_gSS[ N/f `OHQZP}Y,{ Nekv
W ]\O g N*N_nf
v Y S`O`]b:N N*N_up0Vek\vN 0
S`OOU"kN`Ov_N
N,T[tev[O 0c Neg `OSNc NNf
g['`v Y
9eU N*NlQSvRlQsX cXT]vXl/f
N/f
_bT >f6q $N*N/f vQ-N gma Neg TaN`Ov
p yp1\O(WNv_ u9hS OONN u N'` vQ(W
Bl0
c Neg `OS [b ,{Nek vV{eu0`OSN7h[g bv
O 'YYpeNU"kΑ0
N w~~7hvΑ;mRP`` gp^
N
wS
NR_b0kY_SeNlQVT| S_NNvSQ[0R
ePsTN8nb V:Nk*NN=
QU 5ueg #bT & &
N]~ YNs(W w w`O[bNTN]\ObT `O N*N}V
NSvN
8 9
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
,T[N`Ovg` v^ Ta 勄g` gSt OON Nek ` `7hMb
g`N[ebT NUOY@wKb 0
(uN
Nb] Q~T NbvmQ'Y:_y vONTsSOG0R gO[v
N `O_N g:gONNvQ_S u9eS0N NvmQ*Ny }6ql_gqUShQ
6e FO`Onx[SN\vQeQ $Nekl NwO(u0
mQ'Y:_y
1 . 9eSNv utr`
S_ N*NNVgb]veP `O/U N9eSv1\/fvQ utr` N0 N*N
Nv` ar` NvQ utr`vcvsQ0YgN/f TNy#xN_ {k}T
0WRN&Tbb~ `O1\`RlyRNv
\~ 0HNZPSN2bkN u
@bv _up N _tr`v9eSeg_[fN0YgNPW@w HN
`RlNzweg (W?bVYpRpRYgNz@w HN@wNPW
N0YgbNvSO NvV[
NR HNbNv_upS_NOS_ gpPS0
Yxvz N^ TN1yV[ `!j_v g[fvel /fyRvQSO0
cd{^opGr
utvRUOvQ'Y_N[[`~@b bvq_T {vNT `OSNN
kYv@w w4Y7PW@w bSO_b NS~s| )@w 4Y=\_
N6qTOc*NYRQR0s(W aYUObT S`O a|N}Y
zwegVYpp %c%cS GdR N N`OvSO la0Rl g `Ovte*N`~
r`S uN9eS:NNHNO7hbT V:N;mRSO bNv__NS_g
9 0
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
o+RNva0 `~e_Vdkf[fSbRbN0_N
Nw/f~`OLpv S
ck`OvOt^~'YvNSg NNf[fX[b0^y`l g N
[vSt V:N@wt^~vXR bNSOv9_'`Tup;m^nx[O kQa
N 0
2 . ~NYvOo`
[eeQKNMR cO NNYvOo`0lNU"k Og[e vb_
a0NHNa ` 1\/f (Wl_0RNUOeOo`v`Q N1\9eS;NavL:N N
bN@b ggvbb_avSu0Q 1\{]
N(WNN +RNSO`HN w
bT bN\
N/fbN o39hvP @bN (W_BlN TaNMR `Ok!k
_SYQcO NNvsQDe b cN NNNb]_vOo`_NL0
7hZP ON_](W9hncYOo`\OQ e vQ[
N/fV:N 3
9ho OqN9e;Na0
3 . X:_vQba
xvzhf ba:_veP [fS+RNvq_T01\/f bN w
]NcW[ba ` kYgq\P[ nZiveP bN[f
g0
@bN (W\X bgqNq_vXgMRN SNXR[eT{^vQs0
4 . NwS`O_NfN
g
C i a l d i n i , G r e e n , R u s c h ( 1 9 9 2 ) xvzSs (W[efR`O9eS;Nav`Q N
YgS_e`OBNNv_a HN!k`ON9eS;Nae N_NO,T`Ov
\_eg V T7h YgS_e`Ob~NN HN!kN__O N
9 1
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
_N
NO9eSNv Rw 0`HNRbT `OSN T bTegeQN`O
vMRb!k-NNcSvp b_`Ov`l_ gSt b_^
b0b_`O/f[v0 0I{NNf}v
N!kNv^l V:NN g~/f
g`ONHN!kbT NS_6q_ a ` N N _N/ec`OUw 7h
N1\
{~g d[N
5 . cQckS$Nebvp
xvzSs [NcvSpvN `O(u(u ckS
0N:NNHN
HNVgbbT bbNSN\O7hvGPNva\RX[(WN[Onc0
eYgQTgb N SPN_`O
NbNvpS_VN0@bNy`Q N
/f`O"}'`b$Nebvp9hnc HQeQ:N;N vlR `O_nx[bc`Ov
pFd(WMRb Fd0RLhb
N L ckS
0HNZP S ON_
]v`l g9eSvYO0W0e Q9eSNv_a1\O[f_Y0
6 . N_*N`lQN,g
dk>N gQ'Y}YY0vQ-N gv/f N\fR T*N`l0:NNHNbT
V:N勹elNvO ]vL:NNONSO|vg*Neb/f Nv0s(We]
bSN_4Yvbb HN c Neg`OS OONSLR1\SNN0MTO
(u,{AS N N[z;RLR @bN~v_tV{eu0
NRk{US0_T ,g _YveP bNc0R}V
NSv `
`T X[(W@wVyR:g0MRbvV{euSNKQ
gMR N*NV }&^egv ;b 0
N YgNv /f1u,{V*NSV bvbT N /fV:NN[yr
9 2
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
[`QS a /fV:N`OcOvepNNvbi_sSN`HN w]
N N
0(Wy`Q N bN`HNRbT
YgvQVgb/f1u,{V*NV } bv HN `O1\_S
N TvV{eu^[
y`Q N NV[@wg*NO_ __/fV:NRN b T vV }0N
HNa `bT 1\/f 9eSNv_a _HQN T*Ne_MbL
N
NvN
OKNNepv9SMpU
yVgbKNN\vQ@bcvO_NvQ :NN :N NSO0dke Yg(uN
vO_ I{N<@wN~ b SbS0OY `ONlQSR~ NybNSVY
ё
TUS]~RQegN0
N `Ov
TW[c__T gqyz^`OSOlN
v0@bN`O`gb`Ov
TW[_MR*c*c Sg1\/f
N0:NNHNbT V:N
N_]/f*NlQck[vN
N4xOW6R^0.^`Ov
TW[_MR*c I{N(WT
vQbi_sSNYUO w_] cb0@bNe`O`HNNS N
N:N@b
R0:NNHNbT V:N
N(W`O (WN] (WN[]v wl0
d^Nn4YeQKb &TRlNHNb]q_T0
gN0@bN bRvsQ.
N
(WN\vQ :NNYNv`^ NL:N-NeRyQeg \$NRR _ bN8^8^
=\RHNZP FOk
Nw L:N/fOPybi_ [e/f&qQ0bN_(u
_tf[el vQbi_NL:NvTMb/f
~~c_MRbvOP[`O ^ggeue\` SN weg N_
N.^*N
_ 0V:NN_]/f }YN }YN/f
NOp jk蕪S v0`Oy
9 3
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
eue\` vBl1\^\N jk蕪S 0
N `7hMb }YN p@b
v jk蕪S bT /f bN'YYpeN:N]/f}YN0 }YN v[IN_N
_^ kY }YN
NO@gN0FONHN`Q N `OO:N }YN _N@gN
bT S_`Ob`Ov[N Nur0W(ugc@w4Y S_ u}TckS0RZ e`O
OV:N]/f }YN _
N@gN*NuP[T @bN S9eS N N:\
^ sSO/f T7hvL:N _NNcS uNNO_L:N_ g_
bT@bN `O_N_b IQfckS v:\[>e>e'Y N a0R eue\`
N/f
NHN jk蕪S
(uN{|L:Nvt`R Sk*NNc]v V{eu1\OS_^8^
{US0dk` 1\/f b`O]f O'Y0fvN
NsQ|0
OO *NN
NHN`Q N gMbb`Ov
TW[_MR*cbT Yg`O_
N0RVYё Yg
NNO&^eg%NTg (Wy`Q N gbcS`Ovc0b` Yg
`O wv`gNZPgN HN`O N[ gSt0b`OvSt~g,T1\L
N0`O9h,g
N0_N
N SYOc NHNSV0OO wQSOvStesQ'}
N`O_(ucknxve_Sh0`HN*Nhl b`Ov?agteTNvS_
_ teTN[]v wl-NS0 w0RN'T
N/fS`OgdkvQSIN a v
S `O_ P@w[vRZP/ed :c{US
N/f bNcvS=\/fNhKbv
OP[ u;m-Nx0RN`Qv:gO_N_NNvQ_0
N 7h_N}Y NT1\{
x
NQ v;N?QT_N
N` V:NbNe] gbz
9 4
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
Nba/fbNwSgN[gNvVgb z^1\}YN/fJU /f`OSb _
Y1\wSN/f{k
N9e;Nav T_N(u
N@wQN NSN
N/f U
gl gebv}Yb?Q T (uN Nbvb] S`OwewRV:N[
NN
`O$Re N*NNvS'` N Yg*NN gSS HN勀b]ScRvQ
`lv9eS0
_td
NO
NO TaHNr^ Nv_/f
N/f Y _>ebT N?a
N?aa \e
vNir & & _Y!k 7hvS(W`Ov-Nve0 bNS/fFdQ:_
lxvY` vQ[STNcQBl NO_{fek0 fQUOe `Off `
_0s(W b_td d _N\O[v_ w wN0R^`HN
`0 d [E
N/f*N_hvKm SNKmQ N*NN_tv _>e z^0
N [.^`Os^S[e _ _S (ute*N_bb`Ov`l0
geP NNO(WMRegQ{ Vёdl v2_]N V:NNNf}v
N
HNZPv ]v50W\z;R W)]t0@bN nc g}Yv .U[a 1\/f
N(WSc "~c LrLrvN0V:NNNmmf}vSbc XT>e
N
N{ gl g-pNv_ ]Oy
NOO[evR cpSv0
YUOO(u勀b]bT HQ Ny_N_vNR 6qT[e Yg
bZP0RN `O
NT{^b NNNbT 0OY N*NN(W~
NQ N N0R N
~vKNvNUO N*NpeW[ 6qT[N Ygb s-NN`OQvpeW[ `OT{^
bvBlT 0N_SO Ta V:NNvO `O s-NvS'`*Y\N0Y
9 5
lcvP w
h t t p : / / n a m e . 5 1 2 j . c o m
gN7hvagN_N
N Ta HNfN_S1\/fy_Yxw0HYUO
N_
vN0
勀b]vp
N(WN`O/f&T s-NpeW[`O
NNHN^y (WN[
e/f&TT{^xxl0y`QOm0R[eve6qb~ HNS` w
/fNT{^+RvN
N_ N
NR)Y
N YgNT{^N HN`O1\
]~(W@wKb9eSNvONSO|N0=\{SN9eNHN Npp
N KN
