will±voluntaryand involuntery actions±ЩЩоvolition
棬Hormicpsychology1930drive飬Уе嶯primeval urpeX廯reification of the instinctsСζΨ壨intellectualismWeltanschauungApollinianDionysianЩ裬ЩЩΨ壨super in tel-lectualistЩе壬о
Уе-Ψ-Ψ
жδе-mechanisticvitalisticеinorganic behaviour裬п棬γе跨вΨνΨ壨intellectualismУЩλ棬еλЩж±Σе嶯ЩЩЩ
Χvoluntaryaction棬嶯棬automatic action1926aЩɡ磬··лòЩ棬intentionsвòЩЩеелЩЩ
е飬綨ζЩ
Щ飨willexperiencesгей°fieldactionscontrolled actions漰пε-嶯еЩ壬棬Уδ漰ùpsychic field嶯зp377
пп
пЩо磬AеAA÷AüζЩClaparede1925
-ггйɡбpp443fйежУΣ仹棬Ψ壬ΨvoluntarismУΨУйииСζ
еоЩоGGBirenbaumfofgetting of intentionо塣棬棬δδKeplers lawsɡ·塣Уδ
ЩЩ漸-仯仯λ塣η--P361ó壬裬λоκак
по
漰档Щ飬ЩЩ塣о棬Щ
áλ顣衣
мmemoryδммУáУadjusted behaviourе··бммóòмжЩvitalism塪
侲дòΣ廯reifiedвЧ壨entity1866Hughlingr Jacksonfaculty conceptаWheelermemory traceHumphreyúengramúáЩкp103
йпблеνСüp157佫
ì
Henri Bergsonνrealspatial constellationйΨеthe presentòг100ε1211011000УзнЩзZenoìAchilles1010110111棬110СС13st侭10λ棬棬κλ侭С磬10-111111.111 Се111111111λ119λλССκ漰óоελáκмЩЩ磬50ζС50μ·5050档С顣κ1·501·150С112С5050·1·ξжСС11磬СμοstССоκst00κζξеСζ
ξ仯pointVelocitydifferential calculus軹仯漰漰ЩСV=ds/dtVs/t
綨嶼LondonEdinburghYorkNewcastle綨мм
е
壬Щ磬λ2δλδλ棬λtensionBoltzmannΣп书memory functionЩЧmolecular structuremacroScopicmagnitudemicroscopicд漰зЩ飺55526723105
еЧзλз仯顣綨纣HeringУ1870
УЧЧζйúЧafter effectκζУλ
ккз涼ConductivitypermeabilityЩ棬ккЩЩУ磬е仯棬鷨
Укззпξ鷨δЩκУ裬棬УУ裬κЩ塣
綨
лилЩtransfer潫
йfield organizationЩЩsubsystemsEgoenvironmentalfieldеκЩ
Щм衰仯Spatialized time仯·仯еЩ·仹Щβδ档
λ
УУbehavioural environmentеУin theanapaestic rhythm-лллеαЯЯв塱meaning磬УCɡ塪еCеgfеCbfЩЧУ飬УЧЩ
StoutЩprimary memoryprimary retentivenessreproductive idealУЧù仯cumulative dispositionáaaaa1a2a3a2棬a2a1p179Ψееλкp181СЧ京塱p181
УвΣеgestalt psychologyУбЩΨеЯ
timeless presentΨЩζpresentнн塱νе
СЩáЩммеλγunit formationλδм仯仯зinhomogeneityУλеhomogeneity壨жδCCδ Cf#λaagood continuationеΣее
κ簢潲Щ棬
abcdеλ顣дкκλΨλ壨·δУоp220壬psychophysical fieldκεеУtimedependent飬нЩЩtimeconsumingЩò
the concept of dispositionγ仯p22Ч綨p24λеp21p26mindbody dualism綨ЩЩáЩУУabcdоСabcdζbbaЧbddabcm1aЧm2abЧпabm1cm2dm3p183 m2m3
ЩЧ
ЧЧаκαеdabc沥üddm3abcеЩλЩи
塣εβ·βУУ仯裨飬ЩУ沿沿Щ
Щ
Уù顣У棩в飬м飬ú顣abcab P1bcP2ca33·P375P3P1P2νЭκЧp432УЭ棬裬Headон192011p754ЧУзp205λ棬GoldsteinGelbλpetrception of motion潨p435
Щ岻治档α1价λλоγУδ
λ
δе仯ЩЩλλκ漰abbaabba
λ
λγp166Щ棬棬κλ裬仰裬
еλ
裬зСβγνе潫е棬·СЩ97С鵼p446LauensteinЩδЩлСp210
衣electrical potentialе裬еconcentrationspotentialв97aУй顣н衣ε棬βУеp145
С嶯У
ЩСвв棬едСλ
μСimage顣
УУùκ
йенк
1С飬97a2飻24δ2гλλЩЩmapЩmapsΧбò賡λЩλλ
λγλstress潫ó
24бУСжУУУе
жδν飬棬ЩЩabiabiпa i bв棬ЩììжЩ仯ЧaftereffectsЩδ档
1У2Уе1УеС2Уbiнaba i bba
directionЩabиabbbaaпabСУbaУ
1С2ab2Уaзκb棬1Уabab2У1УЩ1224裬κввrateζ裬б衣磬мЩ
24Смmemory of temporal sequencesmemory of spatial patterns仯УЩеЩЩе顣ЩеЩEgoδе
νγйЩлλtipνЩУcolumn of depositsκ磬Щ仯взp166棬仯ЩMachringsüУglissando仯48p170ЩúbCpзbоУcУ鲢Чез涼
赼áнС绰еκγκ
С顣СУfrace columnСег塣
棨p433immdiatepresentеλζ鵥λζαζУЧЧ塱δЧЧp436ЩЧ
У±жpM3Щ
УλnδЧУnlγЩнзеγλ絥λЩprocesses of closureκεЩЩл98a-nЩPЩWertheimerδбУЩее仰nnn1nЧ磬n桱
üУЩΧеЩ棺УЭЭ
λ
λеλΧλЧЧλλλζ
Уp434gCgCbúνtunnel motion崩δж屻桱double represeatation
оλγλ裬ЩЩNewton
λпp442бp149УУó·
ЩеΡ棬Beethoven彻е裬eccλ裨depositgradient hypothesis轫
δ飬е
1仯
仯壬λκν汻棬οú壬п壬鵽
漰Ч漰裬Уοй
Чγδв15γλ裬СΧóΧpuncti-form characterв漴зVon RestorffassimilationСЧЩиη档裻ò仯С棬н仯зЩ仯Щ仯棩p446羰мж
2о
飬Lashleyо1929pp100107109жλp87WheelerPerkinsp387Щλжζ棬бλp87Щκp121ЩЩλ仯ЩЩЩpp133ЩжλЧЩйУн10гЩ177
1911 648 2221
ЩЩβеЩн93386941115νмЩЧмдЧ
881142261583111У1025245161320Щ36304521óδЧЩ
貢衣λ鲼Щpp132ffЩ漰巽Χκ
鼰档ЩααеΣúЩ綨p37identity of accomplishmentidentity of behaviour·μ
3飬ú
衣Щ棬Щp440仯仯ΣκΡPerkinp.391
档赱СЩЩеγεС
theory of disequilibrationдδùУùγpp389390
ΣChladni figures ofphysicsùκιunilateralλγ漰·顣p.428ò跴仯
Щλв ù
Щ·
úЧ
С紵·καWpp397
κααtotal situationconfigurationalβηηηWppp398399
òμp158·βν··ABCСACУXκBУ罫·AУXκξBCXACйAвACΨBCAACеBBе
вУp273λеЧдp387鲻УЩмκν
4
п30Von KriesκκееЩBecherСкvitalistic interpretation
ЧЧGFBCЧ鷨ддκдδдЩΣЧ
Уγ壬нкò裬ν仹γùеУ棬档
áбйp597
Щ棬в棬ЩΧáɡ佫л书
Щ飬ЩЩЩеЩЩЩЩáequalityproximitylaws of closure and good continuationЩTer-nus项ЩУУ棬apparent movementa1b1c1d1b2f2c2g2棬Щb2b1 c2c1b2a1f2b1ЩЩf2оb1壬b2b1áЩ
нù43p165УоЧЧ·99裬ЩΧСλЩp.591ЩЧе貹治λγunit formation飬бòΣЩнζУЩл
δЩжáɡ
Χ
飬ЩиΧ仯Щ仯齫Щ
λмй巽綨Щ·κоСó
鲿
Чз飺Ч飺仯顣
Щ俴棬棬Щ裨огЩóо
traceKohlerLauensteinоооBorak1922Psychologische ForschungпУЧЧnegative timeerrorУsuccessive comparisondifferential limenСЩζA BBA100ABнBAвжζжп漰LCp163
Ч裬еóЩебС
λtemporal unitsЩγλЩλpMIhomogeneous backgroundΣδУ-1918
the stepwise phenomeon1922еСЩСγstep壬gradientеú侭仯磬A1A2жжA1A2A1a1a2бжA2A1A1A2A1гA2A1ABBABAжжСжжС裬УзмЩ仯飬á绰еСЩ3ж8жжδ100ж
14 绰ж绰A1A2
λ
ж11/2341/26
62.5
62.5
1932p 152
Щ仯Щ仯仯е裬клн裬Щp152
ЩЩУcritical stimuliвн顣Уp114÷MetzgeráóУЩжУ158зСжСж100жЩжжж
15 λ
5102040
3202437
2927476
P157жж
У802УУУɡ
棨p4701613
Щоú
仯1仯ЧЧС2仯1仯1899Bentley鷽емЧ
16 λ
251545
1531948
22252936
p 160жж
Prattе顣Уasound pendulum454
1270320м
±Щм
17
нн
44.148.842.2
p 29545
Уνн1004±ЩεеС3
18
16.738.9
p296100жж
ебебСЩеóмκнκοp297
Щ飻飬п档ΧΣò衣нббе飬δоɡùнкнеá飺
1仯
ЩΣЩС仯УеóС19Щмp159жжж5еЩеó34126112
19 жж
2/12/215/12/216/12/21
382217
P.159
а仯裬裬跴Щλɡγγintrapairintervalг仯伯У12емопеcontingentΨ
лЧЧHLHolling worthжhe central tendency of judgmentй 1922indiffereencepointСУοУСΣ530УЩСΣζЩЩоλòΧжЧaveraging effect
зЧУжж
20
бλ
12351020
38232023810
835237080100
p 1727вжж
21
бλ
12351020
436075758078
81330810
УЩЩУУЩλλжжЩЩпеЧжжУУЧ
Чиνжabsolute judgmentsжбabsoluteimpressionp349class conceptsнЩζоЩγи
Ч
档伯еgradientЯЩ MHJacobs1933еζлк
5A1B1A2B2εA1A2B1B2A1B1A2B2A1B1A2B2A1B1úвA1=A2B1=B2A1-B1A2-B2AMintzеδε临СЩδMHжжdifference threshold
УУγСtrace column p447мжС
УЩεжЩ
22 λ
00134
20169
С202913
p 1572ж飬8
23 λ
212712
2651528
С4772240
p.1603飬13
24 λ
310385491245
691114119244148173
С91011171914285060218
pp.163-1664ab5ab飬18
ЩΣСΣЩЧжпЧ仯棬ЧЧ
Ld
La
Hd
Ha
УLdСлСжЧ
УLaлжмЧЧ
УHdеЧУHaеЧЧвЧе仯С
Щδ
н飨p441еУжЩ磬μео·
仯λжжвжжжжУжжжжùììжδδСССУССС±棬жежЧС
з飺Ч
жо档γЩЧбзVonRestorff飬ЧЧ1е2retroactive inhibition3forwardacting inhibition
--ЩЩСó裬Щ衣о
е
лáгЩЩáзΨp167У磬μ44вблЩвЩɡзЩе棬ЧвγЩγ
зз书УЩУ23飺Щ844ɡЩΡλεУ4Уγ45鲻飬5У545μ225Щ棬геЩв
25бжСIRпе
25
R IR IR IR IR IR I
31 6129 6523 5552 6549 82189 328
41 6933 7426 6359 7456 9343 75
з p 20222е
41ЩлЩУ4Щ69УЩз·ЩиУ4Ρκβ
ЧУκ6ог26га12в
26
R IR IR IR I
а27 8518 9031 8525 87
зp305е
йбЩУ鲻еáretainedmembersеЩ価òС
ЩееЧвпγ
зЩУУеЩIRС
IR塣ЩЧСЩжЩ
裬еЩЩ顣綨1β2е ABCD A1A2B1B2磬Σз
1A B C D E F G H
2A1 A1 C A3 A4 A5 A6 A7
ζ磬100еABзЩУαθУγλевεεеεСΣγеЩγγеɡ
нм顣ЩУ1б2нбЩУ21гαθγЩг1Уκβ
Щз
15γ10еСЩ10価дЩе30У110У2У3еУ2У3ɡ15顣згЩСеУ2У3棬99
27
У123
RI
6349=3.8У212У3
6249=2.7У39У2
С12589=6.521
402270
з p 320
Щеб··бебУ2еЩ棬ЩУ140У43
бУ1У2У3еáR1бУ1егевκγеЩУ2У3енУ1еУ2У3енcohesion貢ЧЧ
еЧ漰ЧвйγζнЩЩе
зУбгеλλнбζɡp464漰ЧгP165йУЧ
зе仯1裻2ЩзУγγ
Ч
зЩеУбγЩмγУе4б棬ЧЩIRУУУеекееееегеЩееЧ
28Уг4ΣκɡúЩ飬鱻е1363У156κ3γ8в淢鱻αа鱻28Щее
28
ееΣ
5490
6943
зp331е
УpostseriesνжжλЩ棬ЩЧЧУЩзиЧúΣУе漰εСβζ
塣Уmonotonous seriesMullerPilzeckerЩЩоЧвЧκое
зСизRobinsonDarrowзС
еóJenkinsDallenbachлЩ飬У10вд2С4С8Св2С4С8С312309Ψд··Щег
1914Rose Heine飬飬κεзЩ飨ЩУδ
пУЧкС
DahlλеЩн顣Щ飬Ψ4С8СзЧ
棨p489Чзнев棬ЩЧЧЧ
飺仯
йеóеó衣1919·FFWulfо仯о1922University of GiessenоJJJJGibsonGordan Allport FTFTPerkinsоЩ漰gestalt laws粻κЩСеphysiological engramЩе仯Щ塱p370
裺
к仯ЩЧЩеΨУУЩеУУбв仯в仯仯·
о书еóбClaparedeУ壬Щ鱻вδе仯е棬γγЩεЩΣЩΣбЩα14101102Щ仯κ仯ɡ
εЩЩеó
鱾棨Ψλоòεú÷
26Σ4ΣЩζ810ε67Щγ5106ЩΣЩΡΣúΣκСζ3024С
Σ7 2510350114Щγν
βμ鱻98鱻52δС1414磬20ЩΡ201671419
跨
λΡùp493ε仯ξ仯κ仯αbehavioural environmentgeographi-calenvironmentеεκЩεp139СУЩ仯г仯ееЩ粻з
ΣαθΡеκЩ飻
仯棬仯棬Щ棬漰Σаε1929С裬ЩС棬йЩЩòЩ飬мδKatz1930p255аλе
仯
εμp497p457б仯Сp145нαp34040086вκΡsharpeningleveling档ЩννενεΣλ仯Сеλз
仯
λоλдαлnormalizingpointing仯antonomous changes
仯
ε仯е仯棨p.496仯·仯仯︴Σ103Σ104仯5λΣ104ЧοZλZεΡ仯
仯95λС20Сp144κλоΡмСICоз仯СΧСνССλеЧУСRanschburg momory apparatusССед顣
仰GE1913p378áaffective transformation顣
仯УζоweightΣòΣЩУ仯Щ仯ЩЩλЩ仯εκ
й
棨p. 498
Ч
仯ε磬ΡмСУΧЩеЧ鸴
仯Щ仯θЩ231051054仯裬ΣIO5á
Щoutside trace systemsвзоεн仯ΣεЧпЩ仯зоЩУp137У仯κ仯
е仯衣Щ仯зЧЩ仯еЩпЧУΣΨΡ磬Чùκев仯йSn磬SSSnSб仯SSnк棬SSnСвЩ仯Χμp221
о106aɡb
Σм裬b仯abЩΣabΡbObject Assimilation107aΣbУΨαЩ
Щдж塣ЩУЩ仯仯p35вокЩЩе仯н仯仯
зоЩЩ飬жAB飬14ABɡжеγ15Σн価Ρp7鱻ζλΣγоε51еε2Ρ
ооое仯λоЩ仯оЩ仯κΣμp36азововк仯ееΣЧΧеЧзЧεΡP26ЩЩ壬ЩЩΡp14ε仯p25з仯仯κ仯仯ЩμP503ЧЩΣЩá
εоЩ仯Щ仯±p30p 30fp261仯Щ仯仯
ζζЩЩexperimentalist
м书λЩthe acquisition of skillsòУ磬С飬壬С飩飻йòζκBartlett仯
漰书Щ漰о p173οοúЩЧδооЧaftereffectжΣ飨reorganization1929òκɡεεΧеóе档
Ч鷳γúΡΡγЩ
и
档λοοеЩ飨óúиsurvival valueЩμ綨磬мСзЩзоsemichaotic structureзеGE1913P43
Zeigarnikp339úòЧδò13p621
飬顣档衣
Спò
ЩплЧЩЩEgoforcesνdifferences of intelligenceУ
·书书19261929Kreezerе6кккккке飬еУ鲻Щ顣úεξ书Χεp506κòСP460й
Щ
нЩùЧoptical illusionsAnnie SternblindSpotεεЧ1921931p1185ЩУЩЧtrace fieldHartmann飨p3756κΣ108aΡΣκΣ8520155γΡμb108abεεελε
Wertheimer1912п1919УЧЧУ飨лΣ崦崦У109ab109aУ109bλ
У漰ЩУóúЩneighbourhoodtime axisp452á棬ùЧ裻棬йЩЧйд
飨1923p319УЩΣ110УеСa1b1b1a2ΣγЩΣa1a2akak1akbkbkak1仯СеЩеa1b1еb1a2οο飨natural groupingеп齫a1b1b1a2пb1a2a1b1仯еΣеЧ齫Υproximityμ裬飬е
ЩЧ磬УεУдСЧЩЩ
ЩУ漰
ЩЧЩЧб·ζЧ·
вЩУSocraicУ1925gestaltdispositionЧЧлformal natureлУζ
еЩp331бEgoλ漰Sir Henry Head1920
貹voluntary movementpassive movementλλ沢бλλp606δ
ЩЩ乲κλоЩоp604о壨pp605723óнл仯仯к仯áschemaλе仯model仯pp.723605
λλеɡmovement melodyмɡaphasiaννЩν1926p488n2
