http://www.beduu.com
347
000005683189
ο . . ,
Kurt Koffka188631819031904CCStumpfо1909λ1910MMWertheimerWWKohlerapparentmovementС?9111924одPerceptionan Introduction to Gestalt Theory1922оЩ1921Growth of Mind飬鱻еá1924ζν1927оо1932ое鹤дThe Principle of Gestalt Psychology湫1935档19411122
Kurt Koffka188631819031904CCStumpfо1909λ1910MMWertheimerWWKohlerapparentmovementС19111924одPerceptionan Introduction to Gestalt Theory1922оЩ1921Growth of Mind飬鱻еá1924ζν1927оо1932ое鹤дThe Principle of Gestalt Psychology湫1935档19411122
Gestalt塣磬áнЩΣУУУЩ磬нλλе漰屾κη塣
壬弰structurestructurestructureEBEBTitchenerstructureconfigurationΡ
оо÷Χо壬о
1912е塰岻о仡
19WWundt衱bundle hypothesisоRSRSWoodworth1912巢
áЩоGAGAMiller
顱
顣
飬顣
飿
飬
濴Ρ
б
ΧЩ
лл壬飬о
κ顯оκЩ
κей壬
вpsycho-physical fieldisomorphism
粻psychological fieldphysical field1ЧA360AδΣ
Egoenvironmentorganizationоgeographicaland behavioural environments档еУбСе··λ
仯
лж磬赲Уе
еЩво糡磬2003060оУб糡
еееС桱磬Σεξе鵽涯涯鵽硰С沢йСпЩе
ν糡Χγ仯2
δУ··飬κ
еЩо嶯з磬Σεγ壬
оЩоУо
漰жЩЩЩС飬ж1ΣηΣ2νν3νν4δδЩ
Щóж1ж234
棬о塣23жΣо
оγоγ磬bCbCbCòbbc滻ababЩbabйнκaaУ巴a
лζνWashbumоЧδ15δС鱻дС鱻ж顣80εжУж5Σ20ΡжожЧ
оab3Σaλab4
Ч5abΣabbλС6
bΣνСbκ顣У-е
飬иɡδ鵽Щ
1ЩγΣЩеλξ磬ббСαγЩ壬ЩгΣΣ
2Щ塣磬7塣8δ鵽
3滷壬912Σ12е12ξ10èΣиож硢
4塣塣11OпУС
5ɡ磬質
6еЩ塣磬12abcdefghijklcdeijk壬abcdefghijkiabcdefghijk
впдòоо飬еооγ
Щ漰棺
1裨postulate磬δ÷
2еб綨Щ塣壬÷÷仡ЩЩеЩ壬е
3Щожо
4裬й涨衣κ費
19961125
Щоgestalt
psychologyддΣдиЩЩдKohlerGestalt
Psychologyδδ
ЩеνЩЩorder塣ЩЩperccptual
constanciesЩоеж·
д鲢壬жЧκλеνɡgestalt
schoolλ鲻
鲢鲢ЩЩи硣Щ衣
ζЩлджλ19101911оHermann
EbbinghausGustavTheodor FechnerGrundzugeFaustáлУWANeilsonУооУодд顣лЩЩеЩDrWAOrtonЩмUniversity
ofCambridgeDrJulian BlackburnRockeffeller
Fellow壬Massachusetts
StateCollegeУилDrMRHarrowerУУдЩЩп塣
ùд
K
19352
Σе
ιдд棬λЩддPsychologyдзСедЩ洦ɡλ19251930
ó裬鱣δЩйλ
СЩлСе
бвеЩ
оЩЩЩЩЩе磻insight鷽ЩЩγЩекд顣
鷽Щ跨еЩе裬УɡЩЩеδνknow
muchmultum non multamuch崿2022220multamultum
multamultumУ·Щ磬вп
γζmultasimplicity塣гrationalmultum
δóκ蹵δЩκΧ嶯п
ProgressivespecializationЩmultumδmultaвɡпShiftдЩЩ
ппνΣprescientific
stageɡ飬
ЩжнɡЩdualismdoubletruth
theoryе棬
Σ
м漰Щ档óз棬ЩδпЦЩ
书е谭ЩЩЩλΣСλλ裬Щоòò
ü壬е飬飨surveysintuitionsУ棻кЩMrsTussaudеΧ谮
棬δеУ鵽ε
磻пλΧ
поintegrationУ
о棬mental棬м漸Щá6δζ6λδ档ееnodal
pointо緢о
Щдп沿
Ψ塡
νΨ塱crude
materialism壬1900HaeckelRiddle
of the
Universeδе÷Ψillusion壨substancematteratomsЩ乩γоνоиüλЩ塪ηУηvandalsCalvimistsеΨУЩΧ裬untouchablesе
Щ·γ
Ψ屾оΨЧΨspeculative
philosophyЩе
Ψ
Ч仮[Descartes]壬壬creation棬[vitalism][Scheler]У漸енΨΣδóδЩ
Щmindbody蹵iute-
grative pualityΨòquantityorder壨meamingSinnиλá
[ΤWebers IawΣ棬ЩвовЩУк
κζепЩ仯ЩЩеЩЩ佨relationshipЧЧУκУΧ汣йУС棬жvelocityζsine
or cosine of time仯translatorymovement
ЩеóеУx 2 y 2 =r 2 r=
棬Щ
λλòеHeadЩ磬κ
飬·PPеплвɡзеκθ壬廹壬λκεмеPaderewskiеЩеЩ
磬V飬жУεнеУУ漰÷Сκ尴еλеЩ滮λЧλббеЩее磬еκζζagency嶯VP漰
-
PVVPеPVе綨еζпнεgestalt
theoryááΨЩ
壬
壨significance棩intellectual
cli-mateΨ崫УGeisteswissenschaftenе壨meaning
of
personalityλеЩΧУ壨positivismиоζае
γ汻λЩΣΣУ浱壨mysticismлκι
з棬
λMax
Wertheimerе飬Ще顣оlaws
of sensation and
association16ReformationЩо磬δ
ΨвгооЩЩΨκоɡжɡ CaesarRubiconλо棬档
棬λΨδ飬ЩδЩ棬hologie
von untenЩЩЩз涼Rubiconλо棬档
棬λΨδ飬ЩδЩ棬Psychologie
von untenЩЩЩз涼
棬пЩЩΧ棬Щпunderstandexplain
λκ棬跨ΣУ顣üζУ绰1925λзɡAdoCreMfa乩ùλɡwithout
meaning棬еγнС壬λ
з
塢塢ζЩ磬
е
壬йв漰еЩдΨpual-itative壬鹹
λУжеγ
ЩζκζκζЩСζЩЩеλμkoffka1931b
壬иУΨ巽κ
еκнУйЩле裬·γ棨amoeba硹滨ò
綨价綨λСе
еЩ磬еλЩЩЩδЩЩЩν飬йγУ壨color pyramidеЩ
fundamental factsettingλΧ
綨
綨綨棬档綨behaviourζ綨ζλλá
鹦оWilliam McDougall綨вκ
жTolmanΣйMrBabbitt飬Galileoое棬о99棬Щòζ嶯μsecondary phenomenonЩЩγУcausal sepuencesЩγ壨be- haviourism棺1Щ壺2Moral SciencesУ
壨meanins壨significanccκλЩstimulusresponse situations·LutherWormsShakespeareдHamletBeethovenдNinth SymphonyNephretteteschemaЩУУодСΨ
κɡЩЩλЩλλУλá
价
УлУ磬εУ罻еееЩУòзе
УбСе··λ
жоЩ飺óòе壬壬
飬壬geographical environmentbehavioural environment
?
зηó仯渲УСΣС
顣оáж
йе·10棬棬С漰вжstimulus situationеκ裬λ壬塣
йЧ飬κκλáδ棬Ψ治λmanipulandaжСлκλЩ
УелеУ塣1remote causeimmediate cause2仯УУΨзЩ磬еó
綨
3ЩлδСлΨЩз綨Σзлзл岢
λ
н黷н黷壬λ硣λδRevesz顣ССΡΣΡκСελòССΣΣλС飻飺βγνJastrow illusion1СΡЩеСΡκУСΣκp44Се鶼鶼ЩνССУеСΣСΡлνrealityappearance磬棬С1932Uzbekistan in Central AsiaСpseudopticsòе飬棬С仯νкб仯仯
stimulus patternм价βСнСεЩΣ
εЩperceptual constanciesСЩ磬1000磬2
й- й飨й
УУаconsciousness塣ЩЩдЩ鼮Щconstructumй仯δдЩоTKohler1929ù顱direct experience衣ζеλмλá
ζе潫еκìпв壺ΧзΧо
дЩ漰ζжκδУбеЩУееУбλλá
accomplishment仯СЩоУ棬λüΣСδΣΣ罫磬з硣磻°AladdinβУκ价бЩЩЩ
Ψ漰δп档
λеκЩ1鱾2еanthropomorphicйн裬anthropomorphism棬еЩЩ棬УСееееννоЩΣλλκλ
ееееapparent behaviourphenomenal orexperienced behaviour漰磬λ棬бó
С
С2GBEBEGвGRBЩPHBзBERBPHBлROУphenomenal EgoùPHBл壨ROGRBл壨ROBEPHBлRBG仯BE仯仯
У棨dynamical aspectinsightNewtonν仯impactattractionáκζáом档λеλ跨лннMichael FaradayΤClerk Maxwell壻λУEinsteinУgravitational fieldεstrainsstressesУ佫彫и壬игfieldй漰彫Щ仯磬б
е
12
зз辿ζκα仯ζе壬ΧоóhomogeneousκжκνEgO价壻羰羰ζжезγ
ййinhomogeneous fields仯Lewin1917óa polar structureзvectorialκ
ЩHG棨HartgenbuschСβ仯·1927p50Щ··ε仯仯жЩ
аholesе飬гУ嶼еЩеΧвλοúоλp49п跨д
е屣еЩ棬е档滹δбκp49
Щж壬й賬ΧЩΧ輫ЩЩЩLevyBruhlеоPiagetеоδ漰-еòΧСе
о1λontological status23
1λ
йо漰ог綨壬forceо壬λЩΣ仯硣κγδλúλ壨substancesdualismζinteractionismУиEgoУУ磬vitalismое壬здвгеΣеже岻óоκнм壬ддTóTrade顱Mind塣
еУб綨綨壬ζ顣
пУл屾ле
磬
2
identificationɡйев漰αзЩ漰лλ仯
ζЩе
3
κκ
aν
ò·Щ·ν档磬У·йЩпκβ磬з
У顣-prototypes·濴ζγfieldconditioned behavioursγκγе
b
Щ磬XYеYСpsychoanalysisлЩεЩСα
мAδBABλЩЩн磬KreislerTildenЪCochetУλΨЧУгκ÷Щ飬·
bcunconscioussubconsciousγ硰δ京±ɡаáЩЩеδδνЩгбЩò
е壬л壬лβн
档÷Цδ
balance sheetЩ棬Щunderstanding psychologistsеüвɡδ··еλпηδúλλλ
λеС1911飬УKohlerЩ棬磬ЩЩκЩп
辿ЩЩλlocus棻ооλоЩЩеУй磬л忴嵽
еΨиλнλ
1911УJVon Kriesδλз1929лLashleyУе
δбЩ档жνκγΣо仹оelementsоSpeculative Systemsнδε
ΣУWundtоκιStout1913κоκо1913p16ж1932дλжbehaviour-acts壬Щp7
еδ佨е
isomorphism
κζ仰蹵Ще
а1920atomic theoryУɡHH2H2OHH2H2OвЩHOó-RutherfordBohrΧH2УγеHе磬棬ЩδζУЩζ
ЩЩУüüγáselective principleò
塱fields of force壬μΣ塣塣εЩμ
physiological patternк漰Сνε536224151434625251ЩζκζЩ绰234У绰479绰ùγEУ硣κ1927app178f
Χ
ЩУЧЩγЩеЩзеβ绰γABCDκEFоκ
棬齫顣ΣΡκйеδЩеγм仯бЩaction currentsСγ仯仯Perkins1933BartleyЩνκp47飬p54
Уscep- ticism侭δ衣1929еЩпл磬дов··ЩУн黷Уκ磨1929pp60fB磬G磬PBPGPGУBУ裨裩PGеζУBPBGBPPGBGBPеùGPλGPBйPPhysische Gestalten飨1920Уг棻Gestalt PsychologyУisomorphism1920Уκp193裬вVo Freyолóо壬УmentalgestaltenЭp217
HeringMach齨ЩGE Muller1896о1865沢κδλЩδЩгκ
го棬гСеЩΣ档δе绰··
У飬绤贿棬мΣ裬ЩγаAmpereе裬ЩУЩЩЩùе·1923pp140f
Щ1飬λáκе
2бáΨζλΨΨеЩЩоò巽ΨζЩ塱1925p20
ΨооΨζЩ沢нЩγ顣ЩЩ棬Щ
3棬漰λá裬磬ΣεδγγзСèκδЩ
ЩδЩЩУдоó棬βι貢anthropomorPhismеЩ
Уδй棬Щеpsychophysical field
оЩorganizedEgopo-larityΣо嵥λЩЩdrivesòео裺
1оζaЩbЩcЩβ
2Щ
3о
4е
5ллСС
3412б34о飬е棬еое顣жоЩом飬ЩЩ塣
С
field psychologyenvironmental fieldе顣geographical envirtonmentоò顣Χ
physiological fieldconstructbehavioural environmentcounterpart
з廨Щоед顢á鼮磨Alices worldоЩheteroge-neousб·
廨мorderм仹лмΧùκУκΨspiritualistsSpiritζ漰壨substanceеΧ籩еС
HeraclitusCratylus
дdddevildickensвевЩпЩеνебЧоо
彫壬κáκ
京塣壬跨зΧнΣ齫
shaped boundednessdynamic propertiesconstanCyЩЩ壬磬塣λ
仰geneticallyλintensityλЩζЩ壬Щ档discursive thoughtж
category棬ЩΧframework
λáУЩλаphenomenonЩеphenomenology壬introspectionΨ壬У漰оЩ
鷳KohlerGestalt psyChologyвУез
νаУЩ19231924
е
й漰壬Щз壨mediumν壬档尴岻F.HeiderP146棬Ч棬пдЩУи仯в仯仯ЩеλеСЩеййв
Ц飬ЩееоейеЩейЩκЩ漰δЩвdimensions
о
ой·質ΣУо壬塣
档е磬illusion硣еappearancesòж粻Σ棺ее壬棨P6768ζ÷е鵽лепζ棩棩
Щ
Щ棬дλunitλλζеλλλλλλ3УλУ11ЩκλCharless Wain
λλζλλпзλиЩλЩ跨áɡλαееλ
СССκС
Χ濴
Щ棬Щ
ζ
ζú乹аЩвоУνейЩУЩЩжЩжλκepistemalogical
飬лооЩУУЩиЩе壬еУλálaws of perspectiveλЩβе仯йstimuli壬棬е棬distant stimuliproxmal stimuliЩΣ漰identity
оУζеκ仯С仯е仯仯У仯磬С彫磬棬ЩУó忴ССЩЩоЩòЩе棬е棬棬ЩòЧ濴ке仯вЧδЧ仯忴
磬ССвС
УУWundtüжκЩУκйΨ塣εvariableùμЩ仯СЧЧУ
1е仯δ仯仯2еκ仯вκ
1Χ仯ЩСλΣconservative仯仯ЩУα仯
бе
仯κα仯Hillebrand棬еεе
2и任2任н仯仯44еΣΣ潫Щiris diaphragmУС仯óл
е棬
飬ед伣档ССЩЩЩ仯з[Stumpf1890p10]
о
ιλ顣Уеó裬йСУЧμЧй飬Сprimaryμsecondaryоfield of sensationfield of perceptionsо飬μ
1920JaenshжС仯仯СС仯жп仯仯бЩжСmeaning theoryмκλпУоδж仯仯νδоаж飬ο仯仯顣仯ж仯ζ鵽仯жп仯ж
衱 constancy hypothesis衱interpretation hypothesis塱мЦСкпкп
δо
1913окЦУоС裬жожζù鵽б仯仯仯λ÷仯жб仯壬δЩж仯δжδж壬岻г壺оnonsensory processκζожεй磬жлоδδово
δо衣кδ飬б飬衣
иЩмЩ1883绤δоЩЩ
ССССоκСлССнЩСЩ壬СЩС壻ЩгкС磬11С115С 14Helene Frank 19261111Щ1915飬Щеδ鼸Gotz3СббССУблСУλСС15СС73еСС452224СнС130155УСС
С3濴ССЩΧС
Щ飨飩δо衣вС
Сν brightness constancy壬Щ1915Сò1917飬ЩЩеζ
constancy phenomenaеRevesz飬СJastrow壬棬δС壬нСΡоsensory equalityζ
СδεεΡЩ55УСεεЩбСбλЩ
ЩУЩ裬в